POEM cuts selected esophageal muscle from inside the lumen
Under general anesthesia, the endoscopist enters the esophageal wall, creates a submucosal tunnel and cuts muscle across the lower sphincter, then closes the entry with clips.
Myotomy length can be tailored to achalasia subtype or spastic disease. POEM does not include an anti-reflux wrap, so reflux assessment and management are important.
High-resolution manometry, endoscopy and timed barium testing help distinguish achalasia from obstruction, pseudoachalasia or another motility disorder.
Who may be considered?
Specialist review may help when the diagnosis, symptoms and previous treatment create a focused question about POEM for achalasia.
- Confirmed achalasia with significant swallowing symptoms.
- Type III or spastic disease where a longer myotomy may help.
- Persistent or recurrent symptoms after selected previous treatment.
- A patient fit for general anesthesia and structured reflux follow-up.
What the specialist team must confirm
Review includes high-resolution manometry, timed barium swallow, endoscopy, weight and aspiration history, prior dilation Botox or surgery, reflux testing when relevant, CT or EUS if pseudoachalasia is a concern and anesthesia risk.
Key points for this treatment

From manometric diagnosis to tailored endoscopic myotomy
The team compares durable swallowing improvement, reflux risk, prior treatment and local expertise across POEM, dilation and surgery.
Swallowing and reflux must both be measured
Diet advances from liquids according to protocol while pain, fever, leak and infection are monitored. Early imaging or endoscopy practices vary by centre.
Timed barium, symptom score, endoscopy or reflux testing may assess response. Good swallowing does not exclude silent acid exposure.

Risks, limits and realistic expectations
Risks include bleeding, mucosal injury, perforation, leak, infection, pneumoperitoneum or mediastinal air, persistent dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux. Additional treatment may be needed.
Fever, severe chest or abdominal pain, breathlessness, vomiting blood, inability to swallow liquids or rapidly worsening neck swelling requires urgent local assessment.
